British Lion: "Please don't look at me like that, Sam. YOU'RE not the eagle I'm up against."
I had a little time to turn my attention back to the Great War this
morning, fortunate since I had a cartoon that is exactly 100 years old today! As of this day 100 years ago, the US was still a neutral party to the
growing European conflict. Woodrow Wilson had sent out an appeal to the US
people on August 17, 1914 to be "impartial in thought as well as
action", a plea meant to stave off attacks from pro-war pundits within the
country while he tried to beat back British encroachments against neutral trade
with their enemies, Germany and Austria-Hungary. Understandably, his efforts
were less than acceptable and in December of 1914 he was forced to give up the
effort to use the 1909 Treaty of London as a guarantee of safety for American
merchant ships and fall back on much more ambiguous international law.
On February 4, 1915 the German government announced that it
would begin a submarine campaign against the allies overwhelming naval power
and that, because submarine commanders would find it hard to differentiate
neutral ships from those of the allies, no vessel would be safe from being
torpedoed within the war zone. This move prompted a warning that Berlin would
be held accountable for any US losses from Wilson, but it was vague and
Washington wasn't really sure how it would handle any transgressions.
The political cartoon from the January 6, 1915 issue of
Punch depicts the British Lion giving
Sam the Eagle an assurance that the British rejection of US neutrality
shouldn't be taken personally. It's a bit paternalistic in tone, if you ask me,
but it's coming from London's perspective in a time when Empire was a real thing.
The cartoonist, John Bernard Partridge, was the London born nephew of John
Partridge, portrait painter to Queen Victoria. Partridge started his career as
an architect before beginning a career as an illustrator. He came to Punch in
1910, replacing the magazine's chief cartoonist. The year this cartoon ran,
Partridge also was designing war posters including his famous
Take Up the Sword of Justice .
In 1925 Partridge was knighted. He died at the age of 84 in
August of 1945.