On the anniversary of the marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe, I found myself considering what has become of the woman that we've made into a Native American princess. I think it's safe to say that most anyone who's watched Dances
with Wolves or any of the hundreds of Hollywood movies which feature Native
American protagonists can see we have a habit of romanticizing and mythologizing the
peoples we brutally displaced while carving out our nation. I tend to think of this as a
kind of national survivor's guilt. We're still here and we rewrite our history to create a soft-lit,
glowing version of the past. This not only lets us avoid focusing on the horrible,
racist truth, but it also flattens the complex nature of Native Americans into a convenient, 2D image of the noble savage that we can carry around with us. The unwieldy truth is that Native Americans like Pocahontas were complex, conflicted characters who were just as often at odds with one another as with the invaders who were striving to take their lands and extinguish their cultures.
Seeking the truth we can easily shed the Disney princess version of Pocahontas. Disney simply manufactured another branded, Technicolor princess who could easily be merchandised to little girls so they'd beg mom and dad to buy the Pocahontas t-shirt, lunch box, and McDonald's kid's meal and thereby fill the corporate coffers. What's known is that Pocahontas was born the daughter of Powhatan, chief of a group of tribes in the
Tidewater region of Virginia. Stories out of the Virginia settlements would
have us believe Pocahontas saved the captive John Smith in 1607, putting
herself in the way of her father's war club to stay Smith's execution. Whether
or not this intervention really took place is debatable, what can be said for
certain is that in 1613 the English took Pocahontas hostage, holding her for
ransom, and during this time she converted to Christianity and took on the Anglicized
name of Rebecca.
On April 5th, 1614 Rebecca married tobacco planter John
Rolfe, bearing him a son the following January (Thomas Rolfe). In 1616 she traveled
to London with her husband, but her adoption of an English name and religion
didn't make her English. John paraded his wife in front of English society,
presenting her as an example of a "civilized" savage in hopes of encouraging
investment in the new Jamestown settlement. Her tour of London could be
considered a success, Rebecca Rolfe became a celebrity of sorts, the subject of
talk throughout the British capital, and even was invited to attend a masque at
Whitehall Palace.
In 1617 John and Rebecca departed for Virginia but they
never made it past Gravesend. Rebecca had been ill when she boarded the ship
and the unknown illness worsened as they traveled. She supposedly died in
John's arms while disembarking and was buried in a church in Gravesend. Today
the exact location of her grave is unknown, but this hasn't stopped numerous
Americans demanding the return of her remains to Virginia.
According to church records, Rebecca was buried under the floor of the old
Gravesend church, however this church burned in 1727 leaving doubt as to the
exact location of the body. In 1923 Edward Page Gaston obtained permission from
Canon Gedge of St. George's church to dig on the location of the old Gravesend
church, but his efforts failed. In more recent times Las Vegas entertainer
Wayne Newton got on the Pocahontas repatriation bandwagon, failing just like
his predecessors and proving that celebrity doesn't ensure success.
Where do I stand? Well, on the side of history, I like to
think. Pocahontas recreated herself as Rebecca Rolfe, a Christian Englishwoman
and wife of John Rolfe. She died in Gravesend and was buried there in
accordance with the tenants of her adopted religion. There's no more point in
repatriating her to the land she so thoroughly left behind than there would be
in repatriating the remains of every settler born in England to the land of
their birth. In the end, we aren't what we were born into, we are what be grow
to become.
For those of us who like to opinionate on "historically
significant" figures like Pocahontas I would offer this word of caution.
Some day you will be in your grave and everything you wrote, thought, and said
will be nothing but dust - when that happens who will decide what's right for
you and what right do they have to make those decisions in your irreversible
absence?
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